Linux Command

Linux Command Line Cheat Sheet by DaveChild

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Bash Commands uname -a Show system and kernel head -n1 /etc/issue Show distri­bution mount Show mounted filesy­stems date Show system date uptime Show uptime whoami Show your username man command Show manual forcommand Bash Shortcuts CTRL-c Stop current command CTRL-z Sleep program CTRL-a Go to start of line CTRL-e Go to end of line CTRL-u Cut from start of line CTRL-k Cut to end of line CTRL-r Search history !! Repeat last command !abc Run last command starting withabc !abc:p Print last command starting withabc !$ Last argument of previous command ALT-. Last argument of previous command !* All arguments of previous command ^abc­^­123 Run previous command, replacingabc with 123 Bash Variables env Show enviro­nment variables echo $NAME Output value of $NAMEvariable export NAME­=v­alue Set $NAME to value $PATH Executable search path $HOME Home directory $SHELL Current shell IO Redirection cmd < file Input of cmd from file cmd1 <(­cmd2) Output of cmd2 as file input to cmd1 cmd > file Standard output (stdout) of cmd to file cmd > /dev/null Discard stdout of cmd cmd >> file Append stdout to file cmd 2> file Error output (stderr) of cmd to file cmd 1>&2 stdout to same place as stderr cmd 2>&1 stderr to same place as stdout cmd &> file Every output of cmd to file cmd refers to a command. Pipes cmd1 | cmd2 stdout of cmd1 to cmd2 cmd1 |& cmd2 stderr of cmd1 to cmd2 Command Lists cmd1 ; cmd2 Run cmd1 then cmd2 cmd1 && cmd2 Run cmd2 if cmd1 is successful cmd1 || cmd2 Run cmd2 if cmd1 is not successful cmd & Run cmd in a subshell		Directory Operations pwd Show current directory mkdir dir Make directory dir cd dir Change directory to dir cd .. Go up a directory ls List files ls Options -a Show all (including hidden) -R Recursive list -r Reverse order -t Sort by last modified -S Sort by file size -l Long listing format -1 One file per line -m Comma-­sep­arated output -Q Quoted output Search Files grep patternfiles Search for pattern in files grep -i Case insens­itive search grep -r Recursive search grep -v Inverted search grep -o Show matched part of file only find /dir/ -name name* Find files starting with namein dir find /dir/ -user name Find files owned by name indir find /dir/ -mmin num Find files modifed less thannum minutes ago in dir whereiscommand Find binary / source / manual for command locate file Find file (quick search of system index) File Operations touch file1 Create file1 cat file1 file2 Concat­enate files and output less file1 View and paginate file1 file file1 Get type of file1 cp file1 file2 Copy file1 to file2 mv file1 file2 Move file1 to file2 rm file1 Delete file1 head file1 Show first 10 lines of file1 tail file1 Show last 10 lines of file1 tail -f file1 Output last lines of file1 as it changes Process Management ps Show snapshot of processes top Show real time processes kill pid Kill process with id pid pkillname Kill process with name name killallname Kill all processes with names beginning name			Nano Shortcuts Files Ctrl-R Read file Ctrl-O Save file Ctrl-X Close file Cut and Paste ALT-A Start marking text CTRL-K Cut marked text or line CTRL-U Paste text Navigate File ALT-/ End of file CTRL-A Beginning of line CTRL-E End of line CTRL-C Show line number CTRL-_ Go to line number Search File CTRL-W Find ALT-W Find next CTRL-\ Search and replace More nano info at: http:/­/ww­w.n­ano­-ed­ito­r.o­rg/­doc­s.php Screen Shortcuts screen Start a screen session. screen -r Resume a screen session. screen -list Show your current screen sessions. CTRL-A Activate commands for screen. CTRL-A c Create a new instance of terminal. CTRL-A n Go to the next instance of terminal. CTRL-A p Go to the previous instance of terminal. CTRL-A " Show current instances of terminals. CTRL-A A Rename the current instance. More screen info at: http:/­/ww­w.g­nu.o­rg­/so­ftw­are­/sc­reen/ File Permissions chmod 775 file Change mode of file to 775 chmod -R 600 folder Recurs­ively chmod folder to 600 chown user­:g­roup file Change file owner to user and group togroup File Permission Numbers The first digit is the owner permis­sion, the second the group and the third for everyone. Calculate each of the three permission digits by adding the numeric values of the permis­sions below. 4 read (r) 2 write (w) 1 execute (x)
uname -a	Show system and kernel
head -n1 /etc/issue	Show distri­bution
mount	Show mounted filesy­stems
date	Show system date
uptime	Show uptime
whoami	Show your username
man command	Show manual forcommand